解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::This study examines molecular relationships across a wide range of species in the mass spawning scleractinian coral genus Acropora. Molecular phylogenies were obtained for 28 species using DNA sequence analyses of two independent markers, a nuclear intron and the mtDNA putative control region. Although the composition...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003916
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined 43 biallelic polymorphisms on the nonrecombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY) in 50 human populations encompassing a total of 2,858 males to study the geographic structure of Y-chromosome variation. Patterns of NRY diversity varied according to geographic region and method/level of comparison. For exa...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003906
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolutionary expansion of CAG repeats in human triplet expansion disease genes is intriguing because of their deleterious phenotype. In the past, this expansion has been suggested to reflect a broad genomewide expansion of repeats, which would imply that mutational and evolutionary processes acting on repeats diff...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003873
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared sex chromosomal and autosomal regions of similar GC contents and found that the human Y chromosome contains nine times as many full-length (FL) ancestral LINE-1 (L1) elements per megabase as do autosomes and that the X chromosome contains three times as many. In addition, both sex chromosomes contain a ca....
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003893
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, a model allowing covarion-like evolution of DNA sequences is introduced. In contrast to standard representation of the distribution of evolutionary rates, this model allows the site-specific rate to vary between lineages. This is achieved by adding as few as two parameters to the widely used among-site rate vari...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003868
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human genome is divided into isochores, large stretches (>300 kb) of genomic DNA with more or less consistent GC content. Mutational/neutralist and selectionist models have been put forward to explain their existence. A major criticism of the mutational models is that they cannot account for the higher GC content ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003858
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A combination of three independent biological features, genomic organization, diagnostic amino acid sites, and rare indels, was used to elucidate the phylogeny of the vertebrate serpin (serine protease inhibitor) superfamily. A strong correlation between serpin gene families displaying (1) a conserved exon-intron patt...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003838
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Homeobox genes encode transcription factors involved in many aspects of developmental processes. The homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) genes, which are characterized by the presence of both a homeodomain and a leucine zipper motif, form a clade within the homeobox superfamily and were previously reported only from v...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003828
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Employing comparative analysis of the cDNA-coding sequences of the unique preprorelaxin of the Afro-lorisiform Galago crassicaudatus and the Malagasy lemur Varecia variegata and the relaxin-like factor (RLF) of G. crassicaudatus, we demonstrated distinct differences in the dynamics of molecular remodeling of both horm...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003815
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most "tests of neutrality" assess whether particular data sets depart from the predictions of a standard neutral model with no recombination. For Drosophila, where nuclear polymorphism data routinely show evidence of genetic exchange, the assumption of no recombination is often unrealistic. In addition, while conserva...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003805
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human DNA variation is currently a subject of intense research because of its importance for studying human origins, evolution, and demographic history and for association studies of complex diseases. A approximately 10-kb region on chromosome 1, which contains only four small exons (each <155 bp), was sequenced for 6...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003795
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quercus petraea and Quercus robur are two closely related oak species that frequently hybridize. We sequenced 70 clones containing the 5.8S and ITS2 regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from these two species and did not detect a species-specific difference. Surprisingly, three divergent (up to 12.6%) rDNA families were id...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003785
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phylogeny of Anisoptera, dragonflies in the strict sense, has proven to be notoriously difficult to resolve. Based on morphological characters, several recent publications dealing with the phylogeny of dragonflies proposed contradicting inter- and intrafamily relationships. We explored phylogenetic information con...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003717
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a striking contrast, matK is one of the most rapidly evolving plastid genes and also one of the few plastid genes to be retained in all nonphotosynthetic plants examined to date. DNA sequences of this region were obtained from photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic plants of Orobanchaceae and their relatives. The res...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026295
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Finding correct species relationships using phylogeny reconstruction based on molecular data is dependent on several empirical and technical factors. These include the choice of DNA sequence from which phylogeny is to be inferred, the establishment of character homology within a sequence alignment, and the phylogeny a...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026285
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cryptophytes are photosynthetic protists that have acquired their plastids through the secondary symbiotic uptake of a red alga. A remarkable feature of cryptophytes is that they maintain a reduced form of the red algal nucleus, the nucleomorph, between the second and third plastid membranes (periplastidial compartmen...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026271
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::CpG and TpA dinucleotides are underrepresented in the human genome. The CpG deficiency is due to the high mutation rate from C to T in methylated CpG's. The TpA suppression was thought to reflect a counterselection against TpA's destabilizing effect in RNA. Unexpectedly, the TpA and CpG deficiencies vary according to ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026261
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The roles of selection and horizontal transfer in the evolution of the canonical subfamily of P: elements were studied in the saltans and willistoni species groups of the genus Drosophila (subgenus Sophophora). We estimate that the common ancestor of the canonical P: subfamily dates back 2-3 Myr at the most, despite t...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026253
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::MADS-box genes encode a family of transcription factors which control diverse developmental processes in flowering plants ranging from root development to flower and fruit development. Through phylogeny reconstructions, most of these genes can be subdivided into defined monophyletic gene clades whose members share sim...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026243
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complete mitochondrial genome of Tupaia belangeri, a representative of the eutherian order Scandentia, was determined and compared with full-length mitochondrial sequences of other eutherian orders described to date. The complete mitochondrial genome is 16, 754 nt in length, with no obvious deviation from the gene...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026417
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thyroid hormones are involved in the regulation of growth and metabolism in all vertebrates. Transthyretin is one of the extracellular proteins with high affinity for thyroid hormones which determine the partitioning of these hormones between extracellular compartments and intracellular lipids. During vertebrate evolu...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026403
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the presence of four nuclear paralogs of a 380-bp segment of cytochrome b in callitrichine primates (marmosets and tamarins). The mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence and each nuclear paralog were obtained from several species, allowing multiple comparisons of rates and patterns of substitution both between m...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026388
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two recent studies have presented conflicting views on variation present within the 294 base third domain of the 12S rRNA gene in the genus Drosophila, and in D. pseudoobscura in particular. One study suggested that this gene is highly invariant across the genus, while another recovered 22 distinct haplotypes from 22 ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026374
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methods such as maximum parsimony (MP) are frequently criticized as being statistically unsound and not being based on any "model." On the other hand, advocates of MP claim that maximum likelihood (ML) has some fundamental problems. Here, we explore the connection between the different versions of MP and ML methods, p...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026364
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We show how to make appropriate likelihood ratio tests for evolutionary tree models when parameters such as edge (internodes or branches) lengths have nonnegativity constraints. In such cases, under the null model of an edge length being zero, the marginal distribution of this parameter is proven to be a "half-normal"...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026358
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here we report the peculiarities of molecular evolution and divergence of paralogous heterochromatic clusters of the testis- expressed X-linked Stellate and Y-linked Su(Ste) tandem repeats. It was suggested that Stellate and Su(Ste) clusters affecting male fertility are the amplified derivatives of the unique euchroma...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026348
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A detailed assessment of the evolution and phylogenetic utility of two genes, ftsZ and wsp, was used to investigate the origin of male-killing Wolbachia, previously isolated from the ladybird Adalia bipunctata and the butterfly Acraea encedon. The analysis included almost all available sequences of B-group Wolbachia a...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026338
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mitochondrial (mt) DNA control region (CR) of dogs and wolves contains an array of imperfect 10 bp tandem repeats. This region was studied for 14 domestic dogs representing the four major phylogenetic groups of nonrepetitive CR and for 5 wolves. Three repeat types were found among these individuals, distributed so...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026328
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper discusses the optimization principle in phylogenetic analysis, in the case of distance data. We argue that the use of this principle cannot be called into question, except for computing time reasons. We show that the minimum-evolution criterion is not perfectly suited for distance data estimated from sequen...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026319
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protamines are small, highly basic DNA-binding proteins found in the sperm of animals. Interestingly, the proportion of arginine residues in one type of protamine, protamine P1, is about 50% in mammals. Upon closer examination, it was found that both the total number of amino acids and the positions of arginine residu...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026307
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The organization of the mitochondrial genome is generally very conserved among vertebrates. Because of this, examination of the rare rearrangements which do occur has been suggested as offering a powerful alternative to phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequences. Here, we report on an avian mitochondrial rea...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026223
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We use variation at a set of eight human Y chromosome microsatellite loci to investigate the demographic history of the Y chromosome. Instead of assuming a population of constant size, as in most of the previous work on the Y chromosome, we consider a model which permits a period of recent population growth. We show t...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026091
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel family of non-long-terminal-repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons, named MosquI, was discovered in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. There were approximately 14 copies of MosquI in the A. aegypti genome. Four of the five analyzed MosquI elements were truncated at the 5' ends while one of them, MosquI-Aa2, ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026081
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major limitation on ability to reconstruct bacterial evolution is the lack of dated ancestors that might be used to evaluate and calibrate molecular clocks. Vertically transmitted symbionts that have cospeciated with animal hosts offer a firm basis for calibrating sequence evolution in bacteria, since fossils of the...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026071
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a recently developed nucleotide sequence-based method for the definitive assignment of isolates within bacterial populations to specific clones. MLST uses the same principles as multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and provides data that can be used to investigate aspects of the popul...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026061
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transposable elements (TEs) make up around 10%-15% of the Drosophila melanogaster genome, but its sibling species Drosophila simulans carries only one third as many such repeat sequences. We do not, however, have an overall view of copy numbers of the various classes of TEs (long terminal repeat [LTR] retrotransposons...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026215
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chemokine receptor CCR5 can serve as a coreceptor for M-tropic HIV-1 infection and both M-tropic and T-tropic SIV infection. We sequenced the entire CCR5 gene from 10 nonhuman primates: Pongo pygmaeus, Hylobates leucogenys, Trachypithecus francoisi, Trachypithecus phayrei, Pygathrix nemaeus, Rhinopithecus roxellan...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026205
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The plant MADS-box regulatory gene family includes several loci that control different aspects of inflorescence and floral development. Orthologs to the Arabidopsis thaliana MADS-box floral meristem genes APETALA1 and CAULIFLOWER and the floral organ identity genes APETALA3 and PISTILLATA were isolated from the congen...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026193
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several authors have postulated that genetic divergence between populations could result in genomic incompatibilities that would cause an increase in transposition in their hybrids, producing secondary effects such as sterility and therefore starting a speciation process. It has been demonstrated that transposition la...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026182
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We performed a genealogical analysis of the ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) gene family, which includes the animal iGluRs and the newly isolated glutamate receptor-like genes (GLR) of plants discovered in Arabidopsis. Distance measures firmly placed the plant GLR genes within the iGluR clade as opposed to other ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026167
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00